Background: ATRA combined with arsenic trioxide revolutionized the treatment of APL. Based on promising in vitro data, several clinical trials evaluated ATRA combinations in non-APL AML, in which some patients seemed to benefit from the addition. Thus, predicting response a priori is imperative to determine the optimal treatment for each patient. The CBM was used to evaluate the impact of initial therapy with ATRA combined with cytarabine, etoposide, idarubicin (ATRA-CEI) to assess the biomarkers responsible for response in adults with AML.